In Situ Low‑Voltage Liquid‑Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy (LPTEM)

This is an advanced microscopy technique that uses a specially designed transmission electron microscope operating at low accelerating voltages and often with liquid cells or ultrathin supports to image materials and reactions in real time at near‑atomic resolution, while reducing beam‑induced damage.[1][2][4] In the Pt–Ni study, a SALVE‑type low‑voltage TEM with graphene supports was used to directly visualize the mixing, separation, and oxidation of atoms within individual nanoclusters as they evolved toward catalytically active structures.[1][2]