Werner

Locomotives that use a diesel engine to generate electricity, which then powers electric motors to drive the wheels. These have been the dominant technology for non-electrified routes.

Devices that convert chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction, producing minimal emissions.

A system that uses hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, which then powers electric motors to move the truck. It also charges onboard batteries to optimize performance.

California

Japan

Systems developed by researchers at the University of New South Wales to convert diesel engines to run on 90% hydrogen, improving vehicle efficiency and reducing emissions.

A project by the Alberta Motor Transport Association to introduce zero-emission Nikola trucks, replacing heavy-duty diesel trucks.

FirstElement Fuel and Hyundai Motor are testing three XCIENT FC vehicles on routes throughout California, covering 25,000 miles with zero emissions.

Heavy-duty truck powered by a hydrogen combustion engine featuring Westport's HPDI technology. Provides 80 kg hydrogen storage capacity with approximately 800 km range on long-haul trips. Scheduled for on-road testing in 2026 with commercial launch targeted for the end of the decade.

A heavy-duty hydrogen truck model manufactured by Hyundai Motor Company, featuring a 180-kilowatt fuel cell system, seven H2 tanks, and onboard batteries. It has a maximum driving range of 400 km.

A fuel-agnostic engine capable of running on hydrogen, natural gas, and diesel, designed for heavy-duty off-highway applications with an expected production start in 2027.