U.S. Geological Survey

A controversial mining technique used to extract oil and natural gas from deep rock deposits by injecting a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals underground.

A naturally occurring form of hydrogen gas found beneath the Earth's surface, produced by geological processes when iron-rich rocks interact with water.

Hydrogen formed over geological time deep underground, also known as geological or white hydrogen. It is a potentially low-cost, zero-emissions fuel source that does not require electrolysis.

Oklahoma

Australia

Exploration efforts in France and other European locations studying ancient geological formations with naturally occurring hydrogen seeps, led by companies including 21net.

A policy designed to promote the rapid adoption of solar energy systems by rewarding residents for installing them and selling surplus energy to utilities.

A project led by IntelStor to map the geo-locations of every wind turbine in the world, aiming to improve data accuracy for the wind energy industry.

A hydrogen-powered fuel cell co-generation system that generates heat and electricity. It pulls hydrogen from the city's gas supply and reacts it with oxygen to produce energy, reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions.

A polymer-based fracturing fluid designed for enhanced geothermal systems that creates small cracks in impermeable bedrock. The fluid is non-toxic, recyclable at low cost, and capable of withstanding extreme pressures, temperatures, and acidity levels.